Mechanical Dreams Come True
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The Times
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Robert
Stolarik for The New York Times
In Frequency Hopping, Erica
Newhouse and Joseph Urla are Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil inventing
military technology.
Published:
June 9, 2008
The American
composer George Antheil, the Bad Boy of Music, as he titled his 1945 autobiography,
is best known for a jackhammer of a piece he wrote in Paris in his mid-20s,
“Ballet Mécanique.” It was originally conceived as a
25-minute score to accompany a Dadaist silent film by Fernand Léger
and Dudley Murphy. The music was supposed to be performed by 16 synchronized
player pianos, but Antheil could never figure out how to get the pianos
to play in sync. A concert version for a roster of percussion instruments
including an airplane propeller was introduced in Paris in 1926.
The Austrian-born actress Hedy
Lamarr is best known as a voluptuous screen goddess of the late-1930s
and ’40s. But in the annals of science, Antheil and Lamarr, who
became friends in Hollywood in 1940, are remembered as the improbable
inventors of a system for the radio control of airborne torpedoes that
they called frequency-hopping. By rapidly switching a radio transmission
among a large number of frequency channels the idea offered a way, they
theorized, to direct missiles that could resist jamming attempts by the
Nazis. They actually received a patent in 1942, though there was no interest
among the American military until the 1960s.
The story of these unlikely scientific collaborators is
told in an imaginative, two-character multimedia 80-minute play, “Frequency
Hopping,” written and directed by Elyse Singer and presented by
Hourglass Group. It opened this weekend at 3LD Art & Technology Center
in Lower Manhattan. As a special kickoff for a three-week run, the performance
on Saturday night was followed by a 70-minute concert titled “Antheil’s
Legacy,” conceived by the composer and producer Charles Amirkhanian.
The main item in the concert was a performance of “Ballet
Mécanique” arranged by Paul D. Lehrman for eight Yamaha Disklavier
pianos and a robotic orchestra of electronic percussion instruments equipped
with mechanical mallets and programmed to play themselves. Best of all,
this electronic realization of the original score accompanied a restored
version of the film, a pairing that never took place in Antheil’s
lifetime. (He died in 1959.)
Ms. Singer certainly did her homework in writing “Frequency
Hopping,” taking in not just the biographies of Antheil and Lamarr
but also the scientific issues that dominated their conversations. As
portrayed by the engaging actor Joseph Urla, the New Jersey-born Antheil
comes across as a decent yet somewhat melancholic man with a wide range
of interests. A mischief-making composer in Paris in the 1920s, he mingled
with Stravinsky, Joyce and Hemingway. We meet him after he has settled
down with his wife and son, whom he supports by writing forgettable scores
for Hollywood films and teaching music. But other interests keep him fired
up, especially the columns he has been writing for the lovelorn based
on knowledge of endocrinology. We are products of our glands, Antheil
believed.
Lamarr, vividly portrayed by Erica Newhouse, is cool, sultry
and keenly intelligent, a woman who does not take MGM’s overheated
promotion of herself that seriously. When we meet her, she is separated
from her second (of what would be six) husbands. She has met Antheil at
a party and has invited him to her house, ostensibly to talk about the
potential of hormones to increase the size of her breasts. Antheil’s
wife and son are away.
But soon the talk turns to Lamarr’s scientific ideas.
She recalls the early days of her first marriage, in 1933, when her partly
Jewish husband, who operated a German armaments firm, took her to dinners
with Nazi officials where the conversation often centered on the search
for technology to guide those torpedoes. The play captures the fanciful
way Lamarr and Antheil fashioned their invention, staging mock battles
with toy airplanes and ashtrays as they conceptualized the theory.
Antheil brought to the table what he knew about synchronizing
machines. Though romantic sparks are kindled between them, the implication
is that nothing untoward happened. This is a friendship of surprisingly
lonely people drawn to each other through intellectual, artistic and patriotic
interests.
The production inventively uses video screens behind and
in front of the actors that turn transparent when not in use. Fleeting
projected images depict everything from scientific jargon to other people,
when the play evokes, say, a chatty cocktail party. Part of the video
on the front screen malfunctioned on Saturday, but the glitch did not
completely spoil the effect. The voice of a radio announcer (Bruce Kronenberg)
injects commentary.
An original score by the composer Joshua Fried, played
by the robotic orchestra, provides atmospheric contemporary music along
with excerpts from “Ballet Mécanique.” As an evolving
conversation between fascinating friends, the play involves you. Still,
it lacks a strong dramatic arc. Popular songs sung by the characters and
a soft-shoe dance routine seem like filler.
In the concert, “Ballet Mécanique” was
preceded by performances of recent works by Luke Thomas Taylor, Harris
Wulfson and Lukas Ligeti that explore various uses of digital music-making.
For the “Ballet Mécanique” performance, modern technology
has made possible the precise coordination of player pianos that Antheil
conceived, but never realized.
Antheil’s hard-driving and obsessive music picks up
the barbaric rhythms and crunching dissonance of Stravinsky’s “Rite
of Spring” and carries things to extremes. Still, the mood is lightened
with jazzy riffs, echoes of ragtime and evocations of the industrial age,
complete with a siren. To hear all this realized with such breezy accuracy
by the self-playing pianos (four on each side of the stage, some of them
suspended from above) and the other robotic instruments was a musical
and visual treat.
The film presents free-association montages of moving images:
machines, whirligigs, twirling eggbeaters, a looped sequence showing a
stout peasant woman lugging a sack of flour up a stone stairway, and more.
It’s hard to detect how the relentlessly rhythmic music was specifically
derived, as Antheil maintained, from the scenario and images of the film,
which keeps shifting in pace and energy.
But it hardly mattered. The combined craziness elicited
an ecstatic ovation from the audience who packed the place, eager for
this rare opportunity.